Keratoconus
Keratoconus is a progressive eye condition that causes the cornea to thin and bulge into a cone-like shape, leading to blurred, distorted vision and increased sensitivity to light. Because the condition can worsen over time, early diagnosis is important for preserving vision and preventing progression. At Cali Eye Institute, we provide comprehensive keratoconus evaluations and advanced diagnostic testing to accurately assess corneal health and recommend the most appropriate treatment options.
Serving patients throughout Torrance, Lancaster, Ventura, and surrounding Southern California communities.
What Is Keratoconus?
Keratoconus is a progressive eye condition that affects the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye that helps focus light onto the retina. In a healthy eye, the cornea has a smooth, round shape that allows light to enter the eye properly and produce clear vision. With keratoconus, the cornea gradually becomes thinner and begins to bulge outward into a cone-like shape.
As the cornea changes shape, light can no longer focus correctly on the retina. This causes vision to become blurry, distorted, and often more difficult to correct with standard eyeglasses. Many people with keratoconus also experience increased sensitivity to light, glare, halos around lights, and frequent changes in their eyeglass prescription.
Keratoconus typically begins during the teenage years or early adulthood and may continue to progress over time. The condition often affects both eyes, although one eye may be more severely affected than the other. Because the changes usually occur gradually, many patients may not realize their vision problems are being caused by an underlying corneal condition.
While the exact cause of keratoconus is not fully understood, factors such as genetics, chronic eye rubbing, and certain medical conditions may contribute to its development. Fortunately, modern diagnostic technology allows eye specialists to detect keratoconus in its early stages, often before significant vision loss occurs.
Early diagnosis is important because treatment can help slow or stop progression and preserve vision. With proper monitoring and care, many patients with keratoconus are able to maintain good visual function and avoid more advanced complications.
Signs and Symptoms of Keratoconus
Keratoconus symptoms often develop gradually and may become more noticeable as the cornea continues to change shape. Many patients initially believe they simply need a new eyeglass prescription, but vision problems may persist despite frequent corrections.
Blurred Vision
Objects may appear out of focus or unclear, even when wearing glasses or contacts.
Distorted Vision
Images may appear stretched, warped, or irregular due to changes in corneal shape.
Increasing Nearsightedness
Vision may become progressively more nearsighted, requiring stronger corrective lenses over time.
Irregular Astigmatism
Uneven curvature of the cornea can cause distorted vision that is difficult to correct.
Frequent Changes
Eyeglass or contact lens prescriptions may need frequent updates as the condition progresses.
Light Sensitivity
Bright lights may feel uncomfortable and cause increased visual discomfort throughout the day.
Glare and Halos
Lights may appear surrounded by glare or halos, especially in low-light settings.
Difficulty Driving at Night
Reduced visual clarity and increased glare can make nighttime driving more challenging.
If you’re experiencing symptoms of keratoconus, the specialists at Cali Eye Institute, Lancaster Eye Institute, and Anacapa Vision can perform advanced diagnostic testing to determine the cause of your vision problems and recommend appropriate treatment options.
Causes of Keratoconus
The exact cause of keratoconus is not fully understood, but researchers believe the condition develops as a result of multiple genetic, environmental, and biochemical factors. These factors can weaken the structure of the cornea over time, causing it to thin and gradually bulge outward into a cone-like shape.
In a healthy eye, strong collagen fibers help the cornea maintain its smooth, round shape. In people with keratoconus, these fibers may become weakened or damaged, reducing the cornea’s ability to maintain its normal structure. As the condition progresses, the cornea becomes increasingly irregular, leading to distorted vision and other visual symptoms.
Several factors are believed to contribute to the development of keratoconus, including:
- Genetic Predisposition – A family history of keratoconus may increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
- Weakening of Corneal Collagen Fibers – Structural weakness within the cornea can contribute to thinning and bulging.
- Chronic Eye Rubbing – Frequent or vigorous eye rubbing may place stress on the cornea and accelerate progression.
- Oxidative Stress – Cellular damage caused by oxidative stress may weaken corneal tissue over time.
- Inherited Connective Tissue Disorders – Certain genetic conditions can affect the strength and stability of corneal tissue.
- Underlying Corneal Abnormalities – Some individuals may naturally have corneal characteristics that increase susceptibility to keratoconus.
Keratoconus is not caused by an infection and cannot always be prevented. However, early diagnosis and avoiding behaviors such as excessive eye rubbing may help reduce the risk of progression and preserve long-term vision.
Risk Factors for Keratoconus
While the exact cause of keratoconus is not fully understood, several factors have been associated with an increased risk of developing the condition. Understanding these risk factors can help support early diagnosis, routine monitoring, and timely treatment when needed.
Family History
Having a close relative with keratoconus may increase your likelihood of developing the condition.
Chronic Eye Rubbing
Frequent or vigorous eye rubbing may weaken the cornea and contribute to progression.
Severe Allergies
Persistent eye irritation from allergies may increase the tendency to rub the eyes.
Eczema
Certain skin conditions have been linked to a higher prevalence of keratoconus.
Asthma
Down Syndrome
Individuals with Down syndrome have a higher risk of developing keratoconus.
Tissue Disorders
Certain genetic disorders may affect corneal strength and structural stability.
Retinitis Pigmentosa
This inherited retinal condition has been associated with an increased keratoconus risk.
Keratoconus by the Numbers
Keratoconus affects thousands of Americans and often begins during the most active years of life. Because symptoms can initially resemble common refractive errors such as nearsightedness or astigmatism, many patients remain undiagnosed until the condition progresses.
Early detection is critical. Advanced imaging technology can identify subtle corneal changes before significant vision loss occurs, allowing for earlier intervention and better long-term outcomes.
If you have noticed worsening vision, increasing astigmatism, or frequent prescription changes, schedule a comprehensive evaluation at Cali Eye Institute in Torrance, Lancaster Eye Institute in Lancaster, or Anacapa Vision in Ventura.
Diagnosis of Keratoconus
Keratoconus is diagnosed through a comprehensive eye examination and specialized corneal imaging tests that evaluate the shape and thickness of the cornea.
Corneal Topography
This advanced imaging test creates a detailed map of the cornea’s surface and is one of the most effective tools for detecting keratoconus.
Corneal Tomography
Tomography provides three-dimensional images of the cornea, helping identify subtle structural changes and disease progression.
Pachymetry
This test measures corneal thickness, which is often reduced in patients with keratoconus.
Refraction Testing
Vision testing helps identify irregular astigmatism and changes in prescription that may indicate keratoconus.
Potential Complications of Keratoconus
Keratoconus is a progressive condition that can worsen over time if not properly monitored and treated. As the cornea becomes thinner and more irregular, vision may become increasingly distorted and difficult to correct with standard eyeglasses. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help slow progression and reduce the risk of more serious complications.
The severity of complications varies from person to person and often depends on how quickly the condition progresses. In advanced cases, keratoconus can significantly affect daily activities, independence, and overall quality of life.
Potential complications of keratoconus include:
- Progressive Vision Deterioration – Vision may gradually worsen as the cornea continues to change shape.
- Severe Irregular Astigmatism – Increasing corneal irregularity can cause significant visual distortion.
- Dependence on Specialty Contact Lenses – Many patients require specialized lenses to achieve functional vision.
- Corneal Scarring – Advanced keratoconus can lead to scarring that further reduces visual clarity.
- Difficulty Performing Daily Activities – Reading, computer use, and other routine tasks may become more challenging.
- Reduced Ability to Drive Safely – Blurred vision, glare, and distortion can affect driving performance.
- Significant Visual Distortion – Objects may appear warped, stretched, or difficult to focus on clearly.
- Need for Advanced Surgical Treatment – Severe cases may require procedures to stabilize or restore vision.
In advanced stages, extreme corneal thinning or scarring can substantially affect visual function and quality of life, making early detection and ongoing care especially important.
Treatment Options for Keratoconus
Treatment for keratoconus depends on the severity of the condition and the rate at which it is progressing. In the early stages, eyeglasses or soft contact lenses may provide adequate vision correction.
Specialty Contact Lenses
Corneal Cross-Linking
Corneal cross-linking is designed to strengthen the cornea and slow or stop the progression of keratoconus. This treatment can help preserve vision and reduce the likelihood of more advanced interventions.
Corneal Transplant Surgery
For patients with advanced keratoconus and significant corneal scarring or thinning, a corneal transplant may be recommended to restore vision and corneal integrity.
For patients with dry macular degeneration, treatment typically focuses on slowing progression through nutritional support, healthy lifestyle habits, smoking cessation, and routine retinal monitoring. Patients with wet macular degeneration often require ongoing treatment and follow-up visits to monitor retinal health and maintain visual function. Regular eye examinations allow changes to be detected early and help guide the most appropriate treatment plan for preserving long-term vision.
Why People Trust Cali Eye Institute
Cutting-Edge Technology & Surgical Innovation
At Cali Eye Institute, we utilize advanced diagnostic equipment and modern surgical techniques to ensure precise evaluations and exceptional visual outcomes. From comprehensive eye exams to advanced surgical procedures, our technology allows us to deliver safe, accurate, and effective treatment tailored to each patient.
Experienced, Board-Certified Ophthalmologist
Led by Babak Shabatian, our practice is built on years of clinical expertise in cataract surgery, laser vision correction, glaucoma management, and the treatment of complex eye conditions. Our commitment to excellence ensures that patients receive experienced, high-quality care at every stage of treatment.
Patient-Focused, Individualized Care
We believe every patient deserves a personalized approach. At Cali Eye Institute, treatment plans are carefully customized based on your unique vision needs, lifestyle, and long-term goals. Our team prioritizes clear communication, comfort, and confidence throughout your entire care journey.
Convenient Southern California Locations
With multiple locations serving communities across Southern California, including Torrance, Lancaster, and Ventura, we provide accessible, comprehensive eye care close to home. Our offices are designed for patient comfort with convenient access and parking.
Insurance Assistance & Flexible Scheduling
We accept a wide range of insurance plans, including Medicare, and offer flexible appointment scheduling to accommodate your personal and professional commitments. Our knowledgeable staff is available to assist with insurance verification and answer any financial questions.
A Commitment to Clinical Excellence
At Cali Eye Institute, our mission is to combine advanced technology, surgical precision, and compassionate care to help patients achieve clearer, healthier vision for years to come.
Office Information
Cali Eye Institute, Torrance, CA
19000 Hawthorne Blvd, Suite 100
Torrance, CA 90503
Tel: 310-909-8880
Office Hours
Monday-Thursday: 8:30am-5:00pm
Friday: 8:30am-4:30pm
Lancaster Eye Institute, Lancaster, CA
1739 W Avenue J
Lancaster, CA 93534
Tel: (661) 940-0555
Office Hours
Monday - Thursday: 8:30am-5:00pm
Friday: 8:30am-4:30pm
Anacapa Vision, Ventura, CA
1280 S. Victoria Ave., Ste. 160
Ventura, CA 93003-6504
Tel: (805) 658-3937
Office Hours
Mondays and Fridays: 8am-3pm
Tuesdays - Thursday: 8am-4pm
Frequently Asked Questions
What is keratoconus?
Macular degeneration is an eye disease that affects the macula, leading to loss of central vision while peripheral vision remains intact.
What are the first symptoms of keratoconus?
Early keratoconus symptoms often include blurry vision, increasing astigmatism, frequent prescription changes, and difficulty seeing clearly at night.
Is keratoconus hereditary?
Yes. Genetics are believed to play a significant role, and individuals with a family history of keratoconus may have an increased risk of developing the condition.
Can keratoconus cause blindness?
Keratoconus does not typically cause complete blindness, but untreated progression can lead to severe visual impairment and significant vision distortion.
How is keratoconus diagnosed?
Keratoconus is diagnosed using comprehensive eye examinations and advanced corneal imaging technologies such as corneal topography and tomography.
Does keratoconus get worse over time?
Yes. Keratoconus is generally a progressive condition, particularly during the teenage years and early adulthood. Early treatment may help slow progression.
What is the best treatment for keratoconus?
Treatment varies depending on disease severity and may include specialty contact lenses, corneal cross-linking, or, in advanced cases, corneal transplant surgery.
When should I see an eye doctor for keratoconus symptoms?
You should schedule an eye examination if you experience worsening vision, increasing astigmatism, frequent prescription changes, glare, halos, or persistent visual distortion.
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